Introduction Haemorrhoids are a condition where the blood vessels, muscle fibres and connective tissue in the anal canal below the…

What is an anal fistula? An anal fistula is a tunnel that connects the lining of the anus with the…

Introduction Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the ring of…

Introduction Gall stone disease is a common condition that affects the gallbladder and the bile ducts, which are part of…

What is a hernia? A hernia is a condition that occurs when an organ or tissue bulges through a weak…